However, when connected to lower heat sources, Stirling engines’ performance becomes disrupted (Bianchi and De Pascale 2011). Stirling engine as an external combustion engine with high efficiencies that is able to use any of heat source is the best candidate to recover waste heat of the exhaust gas and heat by converting it into power (Song et al. The exhaust heat recovery as much as possible will also result in environmental protection and energy conservation (Li et al. The heat loss with exhaust flue gas which ranges from 150 to 180 ☌ (B.D.B.L.Wang 2020) has resulted in the importance of recovering the waste heat of the flue gas to overcome the reliance on fossil fuel. However, during the process, a significant fraction of thermal energy is often lost to the environment by the flue gas. This helps in reducing carbon dioxide by replacing coal or natural gas (Syakirah 2019). The significant attention is due to Malaysia has an advantage over other types of renewable energy as the largest palm oil producer in the world. The usage of biomass in industrial boilers for electricity generation has received significant attention in recent years.
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